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ISO

Structures Ensuring all the components of structures are strong enough to withstand appropriate loads and everything fits together as it should is the objective of a number of ISO standards for construction. By establishing defined specifications and test methods, they help ensure structures are designed and built to agreed levels of quality.

• ISO/TC 98 , Bases for design of structures, lays down the basic requirements for the design of structures. With standards focusing especially on terminology and symbols, loads and forces, it ensures constructions are built to last and can withstand outside forces such as extreme weather events and natural disasters. 
• ISO/TC 167 , Steel and aluminium structures , develops standards that specify requirements for the structural use of steel and aluminium alloys in the design, fabrication and erection of buildings and civil engineering works. Its scope of work includes materials, structural components and connections. 
• ISO/TC 165 , Timber structures , deals with the strength and load requirements of structural timber, while geotechnical analysis (interactions between soil and structure) is the focus of ISO/TC 182, Geotechnics . 

Building materials and products Being able to count on reliable, quality materials is essential for the construction of safe and robust buildings. ISO has more than 100 standards related to the raw materials used in construction, such as concrete, cement, timber and glass. These include standards on terminology, testing procedures and the assessment of safety levels. We also have over 500 standards on building products, such as doors and windows, wood-based panels, floor coverings, ceramic tiles and plastic pipes and fittings. These not only determine the correct dimensions and specifications to ensure products are manufactured to agreed quality levels, but also define test methods for assessing product safety and resistance to things like crushing or chemicals, so that they do not fail or deteriorate prematurely. 

Energy performance and sustainability From insulation to energy-using products, improving the energy performance of buildings can make a significant contribution to climate-related targets. As a result, building regulations increasingly require energy-efficient designs and measures are put in place to help improve overall performance. 
• ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment, has more than 130 standards providing guidelines and methods for the calculation of energy consumption in buildings, covering areas such as heating, lighting, ventilation and so forth. ISO’s energy standards portfolio includes the recently published series ISO 52000, Energy performance of buildings – Overarching EPB assessment, which defines methods to help architects, engineers and regulators assess the overall energy performance of new and existing buildings in a holistic way. • ISO/TC 205, Building environment design, has a range of standards defining methods and processes for the design of new buildings and retrofit of existing buildings, to create acceptable indoor environments and practicable energy conservation and efficiency. In addition, we produce standards for measuring the carbon emissions of buildings and others structures, including: 
• ISO 21930, Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works – Core rules for environmental product declarations of construction products and services, which establishes good practices for making environmental claims and communications in the construction sector. 

Fire safety and fire fighting Fires cause destruction and devastation, costing the lives and livelihoods of people. With the increased density of housing, protecting against fires and detecting fire risks have never been more important. 
• ISO/TC 21, Equipment for fire protection and fire fighting, develops standards covering fire protection and fire-fighting apparatus and equipment, including fire extinguishers and fire and smoke detectors. 
• ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, develops standards for assessing fire risks to life and property and mitigating such risks by determining the behaviour of construction materials and building structures. 
• ISO 7240, Fire detection and alarm systems, defines the specifications of fire detection and alarm system equipment used in and around buildings – including their testing and performance – in order to ensure they function effectively. 

Information management in construction Since most construction works are projectbased, having documentation that is clearly understood by all stakeholders is essential to ensure each project is realized in a costeffective manner. Building information models (BIM) are shared digital representations of the physical and functional characteristics of any built object (including buildings, bridges and roads) and form a reliable basis for decision making. They also help protect against the loss of valuable information between stages and processes. 
• ISO/TC 59/SC 13, Organization of information about construction works, develops standards that define the common terms of reference and terminology used in BIMs, as well as requirements for the digital exchange of documentation and data. Examples include: 
• ISO 16757-1, Data structures for electronic product catalogues for building services – Part 1: Concepts, architecture and model 
• ISO/TS 12911, Framework for building information modelling (BIM) guidance 13 14 Lifts and escalators Rising urbanization and denser populations mean buildings across the world are getting taller. Efficient lifts and escalators are thus essential to cope with the increased loads and access needs and must be operable in times of disaster, such as fire, to evacuate high-rise structures. 
• ISO/TC 178, Lifts, escalators and moving walks, has over 50 standards, either published or in development, for all kinds of lifts. These cover requirements for everything from planning and installation to energy performance and safety. One prominent example is: 
• ISO/TS 18870, Lifts (elevators) – Requirements for lifts used to assist in building evacuation 15 Design life, durability and service life planning 
• ISO/TC 59/SC 14, Design life, develops standards that offer a methodology and guidance on how to plan the service life of buildings, including predicting costs and the frequency of maintenance and repairs over their life cycle. The ISO 15686 series on service life planning deals with a wide range of subjects in this area, such as performance audits and reviews, lifecycle assessment and maintenance and life-cycle costing. An example is: 
• ISO 15686-5, Buildings and constructed assets – Service life planning – Part 5: Life-cycle costing, which helps track the cost performance over an asset’s lifespan.


A document found by Scientific Research Department in Eulida National Brazil

ISO 11618:2015
Buildings and Civil Engineering Works

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 59, Buildings and civil engineering works, Subcommittee SC 8, Sealants.
1   Scope
This International Standard applies to sealants used for pedestrian walkways, public areas, movement joints between concrete slabs, areas with pedestrian load, areas which are used with trolleys, parking garages, walkable floors, balconies, terraces, and warehouses.
This International Standard specifies the types and classes of elastic sealants used in building construction pedestrian walkways according to their performance characteristics. Sealant may be either non-sag or self-leveling as declared by the manufacturer. Areas of application are floor joints which have been designed.
Chemical containment, cold applied joint sealants for concrete pavements to be used in roads, airfields, and sewage treatment plants are excluded.
Local regulations may be required in addition to this International Standard based on local laws and codes.

2   Normative reference
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
•    ISO 6927, Buildings and civil engineering works — Sealants — Vocabulary
•    ISO 7389, Building construction — Jointing products — Determination of elastic recovery of sealants
•    ISO 8339, Building construction — Sealants — Determination of tensile properties (Extension to break)
•    ISO 8340, Building construction — Sealants — Determination of tensile properties at maintained extension
•    ISO 9047, Building construction — Jointing products — Determination of adhesion/cohesion properties of sealants at variable temperatures
•    ISO 10563, Building construction — Sealants — Determination of change in mass and volume
•    ISO 10590, Building construction — Sealants — Determination of tensile properties of sealants at maintained extension after immersion in water
•    ISO 13640, Building construction — Jointing products — Specifications for test substrates
•    ISO 19861, Buildings and civil engineering works — Sealants — Determination of Curing rate behavior
•    ISO 19862, Buildings and civil engineering works — Sealants — Durability to extension compression cycling under accelerated weathering
•    ISO 19863, Buildings and civil engineering works — Sealants — Determination of tear resistance
3   Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6927 apply.
Bibliography
[1]    ISO 7390, Building construction — Jointing products — Determination of resistance to flow of sealants
[2]    ISO 11600, Building construction — Jointing products — Classification and requirements for sealants
[3]    ISO 16938-1, Building construction — Determination of the staining of porous substrates by sealants used in joints — Part 1: Test with compression
[4]    ISO 16938-2, Building construction — Determination of the staining of porous substrates by sealants used in joints — Part 2: Test without compression

ISO Document by prepared Studies and Research Unit

ISO/TC 59
Buildings and civil engineering works

Scope

Standardization in the field of buildings and civil engineering works, of:
•    general terminology;
•    organization of information in the processes of design, manufacture and construction;
•    general geometric requirements for buildings, building elements and components including modular coordination and its basic principles, general rules for joints, tolerances and fits, performance and test standards for sealants;
•    general rules for other performance requirements, including functional and user requirements related to service life, sustainability, accessibility and usability;
•    general rules and guidelines for addressing the economic, environmental and social impacts and aspects related to sustainable development;
•    geometric and performance requirements for components that are not in the scope of separate ISO technical committees;
•    procurement processes, methods and procedures.
Excluded:
•    standardization and coordination of technical product documentation (ISO/TC 10);
•    acoustic requirements (ISO / TC 43);
•    bases for design of concrete structures (ISO/TC 71/SC 4);
•    fire tests and fire safety engineering related to building materials, components and structures (ISO/TC 92);
•    bases for design of structures (ISO / TC 98);
•    construction machinery (ISO/TC 127 and ISO/TC 195);
•    performance requirements for glass in buildings (ISO/TC 160);
•    performance requirements for doors, doorsets and windows (ISO/TC 162);
•    calculation of thermal properties (ISO / TC 163);
•    bases for design of timber structures (ISO/TC 165);
•    bases for design of steel and aluminium structures (ISO/TC 167);
•    geotechnical aspects and soil quality (ISO/TC 182 and ISO/TC 190);
•    standardization in the design and retrofit buildings regarding acceptable indoor environment and practicable energy use (ISO/TC 205).

01.100.30 
CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGSINCLUDING CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWINGS

STANDARD AND/OR PROJECT (17)    STAGE    TC

ISO 128-23:1999

Technical drawings — General principles of presentation — Part 23: Lines on construction drawings    90.92
ISO/TC 10/SC 8

ISO 128-33:2018

Technical product documentation (TPD) — General principles of presentation — Part 33: Representation of views, sections and cuts in construction drawings    60.60
ISO/TC 10/SC 8

ISO 128-43:2015

Technical product documentation (TPD) — General principles of presentation — Part 43: Projection methods in building drawings    90.20
ISO/TC 10/SC 8


ISO 3766:2003

Construction drawings — Simplified representation of concrete reinforcement    90.93
ISO/TC 10/SC 8

ISO 4157-1:1998

Construction drawings — Designation systems — Part 1: Buildings and parts of buildings    90.93
ISO/TC 10/SC 8

ISO 4157-2:1998

Construction drawings — Designation systems — Part 2: Room names and numbers    90.93
ISO/TC 10/SC 8

ISO 4157-3:1998

Construction drawings — Designation systems — Part 3: Room identifiers    90.93
ISO/TC 10/SC 8

ISO 4172:1991

Technical drawings — Construction drawings — Drawings for the assembly of prefabricated structures    90.93
ISO/TC 10/SC 8

ISO 6284:1996

Construction drawings — Indication of limit deviations    90.93
ISO/TC 10/SC 8

ISO 7437:1990

Technical drawings — Construction drawings — General rules for execution of production drawings for prefabricated structural components    90.93
ISO/TC 10/SC 8

ISO 7518:1983

Technical drawings — Construction drawings — Simplified representation of demolition and rebuilding    90.93
ISO/TC 10/SC 8

ISO 7519:1991

Technical drawings — Construction drawings — General principles of presentation for general arrangement and assembly drawings    90.93
ISO/TC 10/SC 8

ISO 8560:2019

Technical drawings — Construction drawings — Representation of modular sizes, lines and grids    60.60
ISO/TC 10/SC 8

ISO 9431:1990

Construction drawings — Spaces for drawing and for text, and title blocks on drawing sheets    90.93
ISO/TC 10/SC 8

ISO 11091:1994

Construction drawings — Landscape drawing practice    90.93
ISO/TC 10/SC 8

ISO/TR 16310:2014

Symbol libraries for construction and facilities management    60.60
ISO/TC 10/SC 8

ISO/DIS 22014

Library objects for architecture, engineering, construction and use    40.60
ISO/TC 10/SC 8



Quality Control of Construction Work

Quality Control of Construction Work1 Introduction2 Quality assurance in accordance with ISO 90013 Standards and procedures4 Certificates and technical approvals5 Related articles on Designing Buildings WikiIntroductionQuality control (QC) is the part of quality management that ensures products and services comply with requirements. It is a work method that facilitates the measurement of the quality characteristics of a unit, compares them with the established standards, and analyses the differences between the results obtained and the desired results in order to make decisions which will correct any differences.Technical specifications define the type of controls that must be undertaken to ensure the construction works are carried out correctly. They include not only products and materials, but also the execution and completion of the works.One way of controlling quality is based on the inspection or verification of finished products. The aim is to filter the products before they reach the client, so that products that do not comply with requirements are discarded or repaired. This reception control is usually carried out by people who were not involved in the production activities, which means that costs can be high, and preventative activities and improvement plans may not be effective.It is a final control, located between producer and client, and although it has the advantage of being impartial, it has a large number of drawbacks, such as slow information flows, and inspectors are not familiar with the circumstances of production and are not responsible for the production quality.When tests are destructive, the decision to accept or reject a full batch must be made on the basis of the quality of a random sample. This type of statistical control provides less information and contains sampling risks. However, it is more economical, requires fewer inspectors, and speeds up decision-making, while the rejection of the whole batch encourages suppliers to improve their quality. This type of control can also identify the causes of variations and, so establish procedures for their systematic elimination.Statistical control can be applied to the final product (acceptance control) or during the production process (process control). Statistical controls at reception establish sampling plans with clearly-defined acceptance or rejection criteria, and complete batches are tested by means of random sampling. The sampling control can be based on inspection by attributes in line with the ISO 2859 standard (Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes), or on inspection by variables in line with the ISO 3951 standard (Sampling procedures for inspection by variables).A construction company should reduce the costs of bad quality as much as possible, and ensure that the result of its processes comply with the client's requirements. Both internal and external controls can be carried out. For example, the control of concrete received by the contractor can be carried out by an independent entity; the execution of steelworks can be controlled by the project manager (on behalf of the client), or the construction company can establish an internal control for the execution of the building work.Quality assurance in accordance with ISO 9001Quality assurance is a set of planned and systematic actions to ensure that products and services comply with specified requirements. It not only involves checking the final quality of products to avoid defects, as is the case in quality control, but also checking product quality in a planned way in all the production stages. It is the development of work and product design procedures to prevent errors from occurring in the first place, based on planning backed up by quality manuals and tools.When a consensus has been reached on the requirements of a quality management system, it is possible to define a series of generic standards applicable to any type of organisation. The international standards, generically called ISO 9000, are the most widespread and generally accepted in developed countries. The ISO 9000 standards consists of four basic interdependent standards supported by guides, technical reports and technical specifications:ISO 9000: Quality management.ISO 9001: Quality management systems - Requirements.ISO 9004: Managing for the sustained success of an organization - A quality management approach.ISO 19011: Guidelines on internal and external audits of quality management systems.Companies can only be certified under the requirements of the ISO 9001 standard. It is a standard that can be used to certify the efficiency of a quality management system. If the aim is to improve efficiency, the objectives of the ISO 9004 standard are broader in scope. The principles that underlie the management of quality in these standards are the following: customer focus, leadership, involvement of people, process approach, system approach to management, continual improvement, factual approach to decision making and mutually beneficial supplier relationships.The ISO 9001 standard specifies requirements for a quality management system where an organisation needs to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide products that meet the requirements of clients and applicable regulations requirements. Regulatory requirements focus on the quality management system, management responsibility, resources management, product realisation and measurement, analysis and improvement. The Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU) used for tendering public procurement throughout the European Union along with other framework agreements require practices to be ISO 9001 accredited.When a quality system is applied to a product as complex and unique as construction, a specific quality plan must be drafted by applying the company's global system to the specific project. The plan must be drafted by the contractor before the start of the construction works and will be reviewed throughout its execution.The quality plan is applicable to the materials, work units and services that have been specifically chosen by the construction company in order to comply with the quality requirements stipulated in the contract. The quality plan is drafted for the construction works when a preventive strategy is needed to guarantee the construction quality, even though there might also be a quality manual, in compliance with the ISO 9001 standard requirements.The construction company determines the need to prepare execution documents, work instructions, inspection regimes, process files, action plans, etc., for the execution and control of processes, depending on the complexity of the activity, the qualifications of the personnel and the experience of the team. The plan establishes the resources required and associated documents (lists, purchasing documentation, machinery, equipment, etc.).The control activities (verification of compliance with specifications, validation of specific processes, monitoring of activities, inspections and tests), which the units, materials or services undergo must also be established. These activities can be defined through inspection, testing plans, action plans and where applicable specific tests (for example, load tests for structures).Standards and proceduresWhen the aim is to guarantee the uniformity of a system, process or product, reference patterns are established in documents called standards or norms. The general objectives of standards are simplification, communication between the parties involved, production economy, safety and health, protection of consumer interests and the removal of trade barriers.In any type of company, the set of tasks carried out is so complex that they have to be written down to ensure internal consistency, to preserve them and to make sure they are methodically applied. These documents are called procedures, and describe the way in which an activity or process must be carried out.Therefore, standards establish the requirements of products or processes. Procedures are documents drawn up by the company itself and take into account the requirements established in the standards. These documents must include the purpose of the procedure, references to other documents, scope, method and sequence of tests, acceptance and rejection criteria, key control points and time of inspection. In all cases the control of a procedure should be documented in the quality records and filed in the quality log at the construction site.Technical or administrative procedures can also be part of a quality management system. In this case, the manual provides a generic description of the company's quality system, while procedures, whether general or specific, establish what is required to attain the objectives listed in the manual. Procedures must link the ISO standards' requirements and the activities of the company. They should include the people involved, information about materials and equipment, and a description of key activities. Each organisation should decide which processes should be documented on the basis of client and regulatory requirements, the nature of its activities, and its corporate strategy.Certificates and technical approvalsThe quality control of a product or process can sometimes be replaced with certification of the quality characteristics by third parties. Products that have received officially recognised quality marks may be exempt from controls and reception tests, increasing batch size and improving safety systems.However, the scope and aim of these quality marks are variable and an in-depth understanding is required to know what they mean. Below are different types of quality certificates, starting with the least reliable:Certificate of origin: in this case the manufacturer states that the product complies with some specifications. Although the certificate might not be very reliable, failure to comply with the specifications can be legally actionable.Accredited laboratory test certificate: the test is performed on a small sample, and therefore cannot guarantee all production. These certificates should be used with caution due to their limited scope.Product type approval certificate: this approves a prototype and therefore does not guarantee the quality of the subsequent manufacturing process.Standard compliance seal or mark: its scope includes continual production and therefore it is more reliable than other certificates. When the product is very new and there is no specific standard to regulate it, the certificate is issued in the form of technical suitability documentation.Directive 89/196/EEC of the European Union establishes the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the member countries to construction products. The purpose of the directive is to guarantee the free movement of all construction products throughout the Union by harmonisation of national laws which regulate the health, safety and welfare requirements.These requirements can take the form of harmonised European standards adopted by European standardisation bodies (CEN or CENELEC) or European technical suitability documents if there is no harmonised norm, national norm or European norm mandate. Under this Directive, construction products must have the CE mark, whereby the manufacturer declares that the product complies with the provisions of Community Directives. This mark indicates that the product complies with the essential requirements of harmonised norms (EN) and the Guides for European Technical Approval.(See also Energy related products regulations and Construction Products Regulation)Nevertheless, all the countries within the Union have their own particular set of conditions that have a direct impact on construction (weather, local construction procedures, etc.) and which are not included in the CE mark guidelines. So although the mark facilitates the movement of construction materials between countries, it does not mean that the quality controls established for particular conditions are abolished. This could be solved by the adoption of voluntary norm conformity certificates for each specific case.When the construction materials and systems are very new (not traditional), the European Organisation for Technical Approvals, an umbrella organisation for national authorisation bodies, may draft European technical suitability document guides for a construction product or family of products, acting on a mandate from the Commission. When there is no European standard or European technical suitability document available, products can be assessed and marketed in accordance with existing national provisions and in conformity with essential requirements.